Boburnoma

"Boburnoma" is an important and unique memoir and historical-scientific work in world literature and historiography. It is the first literary memoir and historical-scientific work in Uzbek literature, written in Old Uzbek (Chigatay) language by the author Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur (approximately 1518/19-1530). The work is also known by various other names such as "Boburiya", "Voqeoti Bobur", "Voqeanoma", "Tuzuki Boburiy", "Tabaqoti Boburiy", and "Tavorixi Boburiy".

In "Boburnoma", Babur narrates the significant historical events that occurred in Central Asia, Afghanistan, and India from 1494 to 1529, with great precision and detail, providing a direct connection to his life and political activities.

The work is divided into three parts based on the period of Babur's rule: Babur's rule in Movarounnahr (1494-1504), Afghanistan (1504-24), and India (1524-30). In the first part, Babur talks about his father, Umarshayx Mirzo, who was the ruler of the Fergana region, his death, and his unsuccessful attempt to conquer Samarkand. In the second part, he describes how he captured Kabul and established his independent state. He also narrates his failed attempt to conquer Samarkand with the help of the Safavid ruler of Iran, Ismail Safavi. Finally, he describes how he conquered Delhi and established the Baburid dynasty.

"Boburnoma" contains detailed information about the political situation in Fergana, Tashkent, Samarkand, Hisor, Chaghaniyan, and northern Afghanistan in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, and it stands out from other literature with its detailed and precise accounts of historical events. The work also provides valuable insights into the author's thoughts and views on his specific historical events and the personalities of his enemies, including Umarshayx, Sulton Ahmad, Sulton Mahmud, Boysung'ur Mirzo, Sulton Husayn, and others.

The book includes scientific and social topics, including history, philosophy, jurisprudence, religious education, linguistics, geography, natural science, agriculture, and architecture. It provides a vast amount of scientific information that is still valuable today. Additionally, the work also provides several firsthand accounts of large and small battles that Babur participated in as a military commander.

The work covers the period from 1494 to 1529, during which Bobur lived and ruled in Central Asia, Afghanistan, and India. It is divided into three parts, each one corresponding to a different period of Bobur's life and rule: Movarounnahr (1494-1504), Afghanistan (1504-1524), and India (1524-1530).

The first part of "Boburnoma" focuses on Bobur's early life and his father's reign in Fergana Valley. It also covers his ascension to the throne of Fergana after his father's death, his attempts to expand his kingdom, his defeat by the Shaybanids, and his subsequent flight to Samarkand.

The second part of the work details Bobur's conquest of Kabul and his establishment of an independent state there. It also covers his military campaigns against the Safavid Empire and the Shaybanids, his return to Samarkand, and his subsequent defeat and flight to India.

The third part of "Boburnoma" focuses on Bobur's conquest of North India, his victory against the Lodi dynasty, and his establishment of the Mughal Empire. It also covers his rule in India and his death in 1530.

Throughout the work, Bobur provides vivid descriptions of the people, places, and events of his time, including the cities of Fergana, Tashkent, Samarkand, Kabul, and Delhi, as well as the various battles, political intrigues, and cultural practices of the period. He also reflects on the nature of power, the art of war, and the joys and sorrows of life.

In addition to its historical and literary value, "Boburnoma" is also important for its insights into the social, cultural, and religious life of Central Asia in the 16th century. It covers a wide range of topics, including sociology, philosophy, religion, geography, and agriculture, and provides a valuable glimpse into the daily lives of the people of the time.

Overall, "Boburnoma" is a rich and complex work that combines historical, literary, and philosophical elements to provide a unique and compelling portrait of one of the most fascinating figures of the Central Asian region.